Federal cases differ from state or local cases in several ways. This includes the types of laws being enforced, how legal procedures are handled, and the severity of possible penalties.
If you face charges, you will want an experienced Philadelphia criminal defense lawyer on your side. Your lawyer will understand the differences in a federal case and fight to clear your name or get the best possible outcome for you.
Understanding the Differences Between Federal and State Criminal Cases
Some key differences in a federal criminal case include:
Determining Jurisdiction in Federal and State Cases
Federal courts generally have jurisdiction over cases that involve an alleged violation of federal law. These cases include crimes that involved federal agencies or crossed state lines. For example, drug trafficking, bank robbery and mail fraud often fall under federal jurisdiction.
State and local courts handle violations of state law or local ordinances. This includes drug crimes that do not cross state lines, theft, and many gun violations.
Where Federal and State Criminal Cases are Heard
United States District Courts handle federal cases. These courts oversee the case and house the trial when necessary. Sometimes, magistrate judges may handle preliminary hearings in federal cases. If there is an appeal, the case will go before the United States Court of Appeals and potentially the United States Supreme Court.
State cases are typically tried in superior or circuit courts. State appellate courts handle appeals, with the highest level being the state’s U.S. Supreme Court.
Penalties for Federal Convictions Compared to State Convictions
You are more likely to face a harsher sentence when convicted of a federal crime. The federal judges may have less leeway in these cases, too. This is due to federal sentencing guidelines of the United States Sentencing Commission. These guidelines often call for longer prison sentences and more significant fines. The time behind bars is usually spent in a federal prison.
While the Pennsylvania Commission on Sentencing has its own guidelines, they often allow more flexibility based on the specific details of the case. You might receive probation or be forced to enter a rehabilitation facility instead of a state prison or local jail.
Federal and State Agencies Involved in Criminal Investigations
In most cases, federal agencies investigate federal cases. This could mean officers from the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF), or Department of Homeland Security investigate your case and testify at your trial. These administrative agencies generally have jurisdiction over any federal crimes, although they might work with state and local agencies under some circumstances. This could include state police, sheriff’s offices, and local police departments that handle investigating the crimes that occur within their geographic jurisdictions.
Differences in Procedures and Processes in Federal and State Courts
The Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure govern federal court procedures. These courts follow strict and uniform guidelines, which can differ from state courts. Specifically, rules of discovery and motion practices are often different. These procedures may help move cases through the system more quickly. State courts follow the procedural rules set by state lawmakers, which are sometimes based on federal policies but can differ.
For a free legal consultation, call 215.515.3360
Why Understanding Federal Case Differences is Crucial to Your Defense
When facing federal charges, it is imperative to understand how the case will differ from a state or local case. Knowing which courts are handling the case, the applicable laws, and the procedures and protocols in effect could change how you and your lawyer approach the case. For example, you likely cannot count on fighting for a reduced sentence in a federal case like you might in a state case.
Even before they file charges against you, knowing whether your case will likely fall under federal or state jurisdiction is crucial for determining the legal strategies you should use and how to build a strong defense. You may have more options, such as diversion programs or plea deals, in a state or local case than you will in a federal court. You will want an attorney with experience trying—and winning—federal cases.
Understanding the laws you stand accused of violating and how the federal government builds cases like the one you will face is also key in defending yourself against the allegations. You should expect evidence and testimony from federal agents from various agencies and understand the burden of proof they must provide. Jurors may be more likely to believe federal agents’ testimonies and give them the benefit of the doubt, which could affect your case.
The Role of a Criminal Defense Attorney in Federal Cases
Your criminal defense attorney will play a critical role in the outcome of your case regardless of which court has jurisdiction. They will fight to protect your freedom and your future, working to clear your name, get charges reduced, or otherwise get the best possible outcome in your case.
Hiring an attorney as soon as possible after your arrest will benefit your case in several ways. This includes ensuring your rights are protected and that you do not make any statements that could harm your case during questioning or interactions with local officers or federal agents.
Your lawyer will be by your side during every court appearance, even if you go before a magistrate judge for preliminary motions. They will represent you in court and skillfully navigate the process in the United States District Court. You will have an advocate by your side to protect your legal rights from start to finish.
Discuss Your Case with a Criminal Defense Attorney During a Free Consultation Today
If you were arrested or accused of a crime in Pennsylvania, call the Law Offices of M.J. Snyder, LLC. We provide a free consultation for those looking for a criminal defense attorney in Philadelphia or nearby areas. We understand what makes federal cases different and can help you protect your rights and fight for a positive outcome.
Contact us today to discuss your legal options.
